小兒科醫師對兒童觀看螢幕的時間提出限制
Pediatricians Set Limits on Screen Time
(WSJ, Nov. 07, 2013) —Parents should ban electronic media during mealtimes and after bedtime as part of a comprehensive “family media use plan,” according to new recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics.
根據美國小兒科學會提出的新建議，作為綜合性「家庭媒體使用計畫」的其中一部分，家長應該禁止孩子在用餐時和就寢後使用電子用品。
The influential new guidelines are being spurred by a growing recognition of kids’ nearly round-the-clock media consumption, which includes everything from television to texting and social media.
之所以會提出這些具影響力的指導方針，是因為人們越來越認識到孩子會不休止地使用電子用品，包括從看電視到收發手機簡訊，再到使用社群網路等各種活動。
“Excessive media use is associated with obesity, poor school performance, aggression and lack of sleep,” said Marjorie Hogan, co-author of the new policy and a pediatrician.
上述新規定的作者之一，同時也是位小兒科醫生Hogan說，過度使用電子用品通常與肥胖、學業不佳、具有攻擊性和睡眠不足有關。
Families should have a no-device rule during meals and after bedtime, the guidelines say. Parents should also set family rules covering the use of the Internet and social media and cellphones and texting, including, perhaps, which sites can be visited, who can be called and giving parental access to Facebook accounts. The policy also reiterated the AAP’s existing recommendations: Kids should limit the amount of screen time for entertainment to less than two hours per day; children younger than 2 shouldn’t have any TV or Internet exposure. Also, televisions and Internet-accessible devices should be kept out of kids’ bedrooms.
指導方針中提到，所有家庭都應該制定一個用餐時和就寢後不得使用電子用品的規定。家長們還應該就網際網路、社群網路和手機的使用以及收發簡訊等事項定下家庭內的規矩，包括的比如說：可以訪問哪些網站，可以給哪些人打電話，經過家長允許才登入的Facebook帳戶。上述建議還重申了美國兒科學會現有的建議：孩子應該將使用電子用品進行娛樂的時間限制在每天兩小時以內；兩歲以下的兒童不應看電視或上網。此外，電視和可上網的設備應遠離孩子們的臥室。
Doctors say parents need to abide by the family rules, too, to model healthy behavior. That, some say, may be the toughest part. “If you go to any restaurant, Family 3.0 is Mom and Dad are on their devices and the kids are on theirs,” says Donald L. Shifrin, a pediatrician in Bellevue, Wash., and an AAP spokesman. “Who is talking to each other?”
醫生們說，家長也需要遵守這些家庭規定，方能為孩子樹立健康行為的榜樣。有些人說，身教可能是最困難的部分。華盛頓貝爾維的兒科醫生、也是美國小兒科學會發言人Shifrin說，如果你去任何一家餐館，都會發現家庭3.0版是爸媽和孩子各自在使用電子用品。有誰在互相聊天的呢？
Children ages 8 to 18 spent an average of 7 hours and 38 minutes a day consuming media for fun, including TV, music, videogames and other content in 2009, according to a 2010 report from the Kaiser Family Foundation. The report was based on a survey of 2,002 third- through 12th-graders, 702 of whom completed a seven-day media use diary. That was up about an hour and 17 minutes a day from five years earlier. About two-thirds of 8- to 18-year-olds said they had no rules on the amount of time they spent watching TV, playing videogames or using the computer, the Kaiser report found.
依據凱撒家庭基金會2010年發佈的一份報告，2009年時，8至18歲的兒童每天平均花在玩電子用品上的時間是7小時又38分鐘，其中包括看電視、聽音樂、玩電子遊戲和其他內容。該報告是根據一項對2,002名3到12年級的學生所進行的調查得出的，其中有702人完成了一項為期七天的電子用品使用日記。上述期間中，一天所使用電子用品的時間較五年前的數據又多了約1小時17分鐘。凱撒家庭基金會的報告發現，8至18歲的受訪者中約有三分之二的人說，他們每天看電視、玩電玩遊戲和使用電腦的時間是沒有規定的。
Use of mobile devices by young kids has soared. A new report from Common Sense Media, a child-advocacy group based in San Francisco, found that 17% of children 8 and younger use mobile devices daily, up from 8% in 2011.
小孩子使用行動通訊設備的情況激增。舊金山的兒童維權組織常識媒體新出爐的一項報告顯示，8歲以下的兒童中有17%每天使用行動通訊設備，比2011年的8%還要來得高。
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